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Unit No82

Banuna funerary enclosure

Coordinates of the main entrance

30.038992N - 31.270686E

Attribution

Banuna funerary enclosure

Higri (AH)Dates as given in the Inscription

1334

Miladi (AD)Dates as given in the Inscription

1916

Inscription Contemporary with the building?

Yes

Multiple date(s) In the inscription?

Yes

Assumed Date

Based on

Original Use

Funerary enclosure

Current Use

Funerary enclosure and residential

Overall condition

Poor

Features of unit 82

Present Count Material Comments (see description for details)
Free standing structure No
Walled enclosure Yes 1 stone
Rooms by the perimeter wall Yes 6 stone, wood A building on the western side of the lot
Freestanding structure(s) in enclousure No
Dome over the tomb chamber No
Neo-Mamluk architectural decoration Yes
Garden layout No Greenery in the yard, no formal layout
Sabil(s) Yes 2 stone Sabil window walled up
Wall fountain(s) No
Canopy on columns / pillars No
Carved marble cenotaph(s) Yes 1 1
Decorated limestone tomb-markers No
Decorated gateway Yes 1 stone
Decorative door-leaves Yes 2 wood Mafruka pattern decoration
Decorative window grilles Yes 2 iron In windows of the sabils
Decorative shutters Yes 4 wood Simple geometric patterns
Painted ceiling(s) No
Decorative paving(s) No

Description (The direction towards Mecca (Qibla) is described as eastern and other directions are named accordingly)

The funerary enclosure occupies a roughly square lot measuring approximately 21 x 21 metres. It faces streets on the southern, northern and western sides, and borders on neighbouring funerary enclosures on the eastern side. A single-storey building occupies the western side of the enclosure, the rest of the lot is an open courtyard, accessible through a gateway in the front building and through a secondary gate in the northern wall of the enclosure. The central part of the main (western) façade, the secondary gate, and the corners are built of ashlar stone masonry; other walls are built of coursed rough stone. The entrance door in the centre of the western façade is placed in a very flat projection slightly taller than the rest of the façade and topped with a simple muqarnas frieze carrying a cornice and stone fleur-de-lys crenellations.
The rectangular door is framed in very simple moulding and has an oval plaque above enclosed in stylised laurels. The two-leaved panelled door (now disused) is decorated with mafruka motifs. On each side of the entrance is a sabil window placed in a recess flanked by engaged colonnettes and topped with a simple muqarnas frieze and with stone ledges at the bottom, supported on simple corbels. The windows are fitted with simple wrought iron grilles decorated with generic motifs not related to Islamic art. The wooden shutters have their moulding-framed panels arranged in a simple decorative pattern.
In each of the side sections of the façade is a single rectangular window with a simple Classical cornice above. There are two windows in the side walls of the front building, plain and undecorated like the rest of the side façades. The undecorated secondary gate in the northern wall is covered with a segmental arch.
A single marble cenotaph stands in the south-eastern corner of the courtyard. The internal walls of the courtyard have recently been rendered with cement plaster. A door in the eastern wall of the enclosure leads to a small empty courtyard between two other, smaller funerary enclosures.
Over the southern sabil window and over the secondary gate are placed modern, apparently quite recent, small square plaques of local substitute for marble. They bear incised inscriptions of mediocre craftsmanship stating the funerary enclosure is of Banuna [family] and giving the date 1332 AH – AD 1910.

Condition of preservation

The building is dilapidated in spite of being lived in. Most of the plaster is missing from the front façade. There is visible damage to the lower parts of the walls from rising damp, with haphazard attempts at repairs with cement. The front façade is cracked. Woodwork is damaged and desiccated. The roof cover has apparently recently been repaired.
The stark contrast between the desolated aspect of the exterior and spotless inner courtyard seems to indicate the current inhabitant’s adherence to the traditional values of rural Upper Egypt.

Information abut the founder, family history, etc.

According to the resident keeper, the enclosure was founded by Ahmad Banuna, who was married to the daughter of an Abdullah Basha Lamlum. It is reportedly currently used by two families

Field recording by
Mohammad Esam, Esraa al-Mahdi, Hadeer Ahmad,, edited by Jaroslaw DobrowolskiENTRY INTO THE DATABASE:

Date recorded
August 14, 2023

Data entered by
Hadeer Ahmad

Date entered
May 7, 2024