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Unit No13

Rustum family (assumed) funerary enclosure

Coordinates of the main entrance

30.044544N - 31.2734E

Attribution

Rustum family (assumed) funerary enclosure

Higri (AH)Dates as given in the Inscription

Miladi (AD)Dates as given in the Inscription

Before 1957

Inscription Contemporary with the building?

Yes

Multiple date(s) In the inscription?

Yes

Assumed Date

Before 1957

Based on

(written on cenotaph)

Original Use

Funerary enclosure

Current Use

Funerary enclosure, shrine, residential

Overall condition

Fair

Features of unit 13

Present Count Material Comments (see description for details)
Free standing structure No
Walled enclosure Yes stone
Rooms by the perimeter wall Yes 7 2 rooms used as residential, 2 toilets, 3 burial chambers
Freestanding structure(s) in enclousure No
Dome over the tomb chamber No
Neo-Mamluk architectural decoration Yes
Garden layout Yes 1
Sabil(s) No
Wall fountain(s) No
Canopy on columns / pillars No
Carved marble cenotaph(s) No
Decorated limestone tomb-markers Yes 3
Decorated gateway Yes 2
Decorative door-leaves Yes 2 In the main gateway, some parts missing
Decorative window grilles Yes
Decorative shutters No
Painted ceiling(s) No
Decorative paving(s) Yes

Unusual or unique features

• Extremely high quality of stonemasonry, which accurately copies Mamluk-period details.

Description (The direction towards Mecca (Qibla) is described as eastern and other directions are named accordingly)

A rectangular walled funerary enclosure with the shorter western wall as the main façade. The richly decorated façade built of ashlar stone is of remarkably high quality of craftsmanship and accurately copies Mamluk-period architectural detail (but not the design principles of Mamluk architecture, being strictly symmetrical.) The tripartite façade stands on a moulded plinth course and features slender engaged columns with muqarnas capitals in the corners. The protruding central entrance section is taller than the rest of the façade, forming a pishtaq (Petersen, p.234). The entrance is set in a tall rectangular recess topped with an elaborate three-tiered muqarnas hood. In the corners of the entrance recess are engaged columns identical with those at the ends of the façade. Above the rectangular entrance door is a window flanked by two engaged colonnettes, with the covering trilobed arch integrated into the muqarnas frieze. The window does not belong to any room, as the upper part of the façade forms a tall parapet above the roof. The two-leaved wooden door are decorated with neo-classical based motifs, not Mamluk like the stonework of the façade.
The side sections of the façade feature centrally placed rectangular recesses covered with elaborate three-tiered muqarnas hoods. The rectangular windows are flanked with engaged corner colonettes with muqarnas capitals and are fitted with simple decorative wrought-iron grilles and simple wooden panelled shutters. Over the windows and the entrance door, the lintels and the relieving arches above them are surrounded by plain protruding frames, apparently intended to be carved into knotted mouldings in a typically Mamluk manner into knotted mouldings, but never completed. This gives the otherwise ornate façade a decidedly unfinished air. The façade is topped by a simple cornice and fleur-de-lys crenellations.
The side (northern) façade is undecorated, built of rubble stone and plastered, and has three irregularly placed windows (one topped with a semi-circular arch, and two rectangular), and a secondary gate to the courtyard, built of cut stone and with a very simplified neo-classical derived architectural framing.
The entrance leads to a huge chamber covered with a wooden ceiling with a simple low octagonal lantern. In the southern part of the chamber are two limestone pedestals. The eastern one is empty; on the western one stands a cenotaph carved in limestone, bearing the name Rustum Anis Effendi and the date AH 1317.
To the northerh of the chamber is residential unit. In the north-eastern corner of the enclosure is a courtyard that occupies a little more than a quarter of the lot. Two more burial chambers are located at the southern side of the courtyard.

Condition of preservation

The façade, which is the most meritorious part of the unit, is in a fair overall condition, although its lower parts are severely affected by rising damp. The skylight in the south-western burial chamber is seriously damaged, and the side façade is deleterious.

Information abut the founder, family history, etc.

According to the current resident keeper, the name of Rustum is written on the cenotaph in the burial chamber (inaccessible at the time of recording.)

References in published/primary sources

• Petersen, Andrew Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, Routledge 1996, p. 234

Field recording by
Hadeer Ahmad and Nur Atiya

Date recorded
August 15, 2022

Data entered by
Yusuf Yassir

Date entered
May 16, 2024